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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク African stonechat ： ウィキペディア英語版 African stonechat The African stonechat or common stonechat〔(Common Stonechat (''Saxicola torquatus'') ), Internet Bird Collection〕 (''Saxicola torquatus'') is a species of the Old World flycatcher family (Muscicapidae), inhabiting sub-Saharan Africa and adjacent regions. Like the other chats, it was long assigned to the thrush family (Turdidae), to which the chats are convergent. Its scientific name refer to its appearance and habitat and means "collared rock-dweller": ''Saxicola'' from Latin ''saxum'' ("rock") + ''incola'' ("one who dwells in a place"), ''torquatus'', Latin for "collared". In the past ''S. torquatus'' usually referred to the entire "common stonechat" superspecies and some sources〔E.g. BLI (2008)〕 still keep it that way, but all available evidence strongly supports full species status for the European (''S. rubicola'') and the Siberian stonechat (''S. maurus'') of temperate Eurasia, in addition to the island-endemics Fuerteventura chat (''S. dacotiae'') and Réunion stonechat (''S. tectes'') which were never unequivocally accepted into ''S. torquata''. Also, the well-marked populations of the Horn of Africa uplands (and Arabia?) and Madagascar (and Grande Comore?) may well qualify as yet additional species.〔Wittmann et al. (1995), Urquhart & Bowley (2002), Wink et al. (2002), Woog et al. (2008)〕 ==Systematics and taxonomy== The closest relative of this species are apparently not the Eurasian populations but the Réunion stonechat (''S. tectes''), but still the "white-collared" ''Saxicola'' form a distinct group in the genus. ''S. torquatus'' and ''S. tectes'' form a sub-Saharan African lineage that diverged from the Eurasian one in the Late Pliocene, roughly 2.5 million years ago. Réunion was colonized shortly thereafter, indicating a rapid expansion along the Indian Ocean coast of Africa. With the Sahara drying out in the subsequent Quaternary glaciation, the African and Eurasian populations became isolated for good.〔Wink et al. (2002)〕 The recent separation as species was proposed after mtDNA cytochrome ''b'' sequence and nDNA microsatellite fingerprinting analysis of specimens of the subspecies ''Saxicola torquatus axillaris'' but not ''S. t. torquatus'', and hence this species was briefly known as ''S. axillaris''.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「African stonechat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.